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Showing posts with label firman. Show all posts
Showing posts with label firman. Show all posts
Sunday, 1 November 2009
ASIAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY E-MEMBERSHIP
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Friday, 30 October 2009
Thursday, 29 October 2009
Thursday, 27 August 2009
Tuesday, 18 August 2009
SAMPLE LIST OF ITEMS WITH ME
SAMPLE LIST OF ITEMS WITH ME CLICK ON PHOTO TO SEE THE DOUBLE SIZE CLEAR IMAGE
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hyderabad banknote,50rs india,telegram1904,LK jha 1rs
hyderabad banknote,50rs india,telegram1904,LK jha 1rs
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Sunday, 16 August 2009
SHIP PASSPORT WITH KING SIGNATURE
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INDIAN BANKNOTES ANCIENT COINS,STAMPS,POSTAL HISTORY,,,
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Saturday, 15 August 2009
Popal states 1848 which region ask
The Papal States, State(s) of the Church or Pontifical States (Italian: Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato Pontificio, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii; Latin: Status Pontificius) were one of the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (after which the Papal States, in less territorially extensive form, continued to exist until 1870).
The Papal States comprised territories under direct sovereign rule of the papacy, and at its height it covered most of the modern Italian regions of Romagna, Marche, Umbria and Lazio. This governing power is commonly called the temporal power of the Pope, as opposed to his ecclesiastical primacy.
The plural Papal States is usually preferred; the singular Papal State (equally correct since it was not a mere personal union) is rather used (normally with lower-case letters) for the modern State of Vatican City, an enclave within Italy's national capital, Rome. Vatican City was founded in 1929, again allowing the Holy See the political benefits of territorial sovereignty.
SPECIMEN BANKNOTE OF CHILE ALL 00000000
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A specimen banknote is printed to as a way of checking to see whether or not the design is suitable for putting into full production as a currency issue.
Sometimes, specimen banknotes are printed for distribution to central banks to aid in the recognition of banknotes from a country other than their own.
Specimen notes have no legal tender status but have been used world-wide by issuing authorities to give a clear indication of the design. They only differ from normal circulation notes in that they are overprinted, which invalidates them as currency. Some types have either no serial numbers or all zeros even though several hundred of those notes might have been produced. In Australia, specimen notes have been issued for presentation to VIP's as well as reference material for major banks, commercial agencies and libraries. Most are very rare with small mintages, and because they have not entered into geeneral circulation, are of a very high quality – two key factors that have made them increase rapidly in value and will always make them popular to both investors and collectors.
SPECIMEN CHILE BANKNOTE 000000000
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SadanaShurulu greatness of PADMASHALI’s
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Saadhana Soorulu Folk Arts
1]Saadhana Soorulu are those who, with a lot of devotion and concentration, learn magic or Indrajala and give performances in the art of magic. They are known to produce miracles and shock their audiences.
They belong to the Padmashali community are dependent on the weavers in this community with whose permission they give performances. The team performing this art form consists of six men. They go around villages throughout the year and give magic performances. They stay for five or six days in a village.
Performances are given in open places where there is scope for a good gathering. They are arranged during daytime only. No make-up is necessary for this performance. A few of these performances are detailed below. Four poles are fixed in the place of the performance. A man is tied to a pole with rope and completely covered with cloth.
When the cover is removed, the man tied to one pole is made to appear at another pole. Another item in the performance is what is known as Agnisthambhana. This is done by fixing a stout needle on the head of a man. A shallow vessel is placed on the other end of’ the needle with a flame under the vessel. Rotis are baked on the vessel after this. Another magic performance is known as Jalasthambhana. In this they show a person drinking water with his mouth and letting the water out through his ears and nose.
Yet another is Vayusthambhana. This is done by making ones body light, controlling breathing and then weighing the body on a light scale. By doing such magical acts, Saadhana Soorulu continue their performance for about three hours. They have Katladi (right for collection) with the Padmashali community. Performance is their main source of livelihood.
Sadahanasuroolu are depicted at bottom of 500 rial note on Cambodian[next to Vietnam] currency cut bottom panel to get good view
Banknote on Weaving in khemr nation
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Banknote on Weaving in khemr nation
A loom is a machine or device for weaving thread or yarn into textiles. Looms can range from very small hand-held frames, to large free-standing hand looms, to huge automatic mechanical devices. The ancient Egyptians and Chinese used looms as early as 4000 BC.
The basic purpose of any loom is to hold the warp threads under tension to facilitate the interweaving of the weft threads. The precise shape of the loom and its mechanics may vary, but the basic function is the same.
Weaving is the textile art in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads, called the warp and the filling or weft (older woof), are interlaced with each other to form a fabric or cloth. The warp threads run lengthways of the piece of cloth, and the weft runs across from side to side.
Warp and weft in plain weaving.
Cloth is woven on a loom, a device for holding the warp threads in place while the filling threads are woven through them. Weft is an old English word meaning “that which is woven”.
The manner in which the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is known as the weave. The three basic weaves are plain weave, satin weave, and twill, and the majority of woven products are created with one of these weaves.Woven cloth can be plain (in one color or a simple pattern), or it can be woven in decorative or artistic designs, including tapestries. Fabric in which the warp and/or weft is tie-dyed before weaving is called ikat.
Bhuddism in greek,aramic,khemr MAP
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Bhuddism in greek,aramic,khemr MAP
Proselytism within Ashoka’s territories
Inside India proper, in the realm of Ashoka, many different populations were the object of the King’s
proselytism:
“Here in the king’s domain among the Greeks, the Kambojas, the Nabhakas, the Nabhapamkits, the Bhojas, the
Pitinikas, the Andhras and the Palidas, everywhere people are following Beloved-of-the-Gods’ instructions in
Dhamma.” Rock Edict Nb13 (S. Dhammika)
Greek communities lived in the northwest of the Mauryan empire, in the region of Pakistan, notably ancient
Gandhara near the Pakistani capital of Islamabad, and in southern Afghanistan in the region of Gedrosia,
following the conquest and the colonization efforts of Alexander the Great around 323 BC. These communities
therefore seem to have been still significant during the reign of Ashoka. A notable mention references aspects
of Greek society.
There is no country, except among the Greeks, where these two groups, Brahmans and ascetics, are not found, and
there is no country where people are not devoted to one or another religion” Rock Edict Nb13 (S. Dhammika)
Bilingual inscription (Greek and Aramaic) by king Ashoka, from Kandahar (Shar-i-kuna). Kabul Museum.
Two edicts in Afghanistan have been found with Greek inscriptions, one of these being a bilingual edict in
Greek language and Aramaic. This edict, found in Kandahar, advocates the adoption of “Piety” (using the Greek
term Eusebeia for Dharma) to the Greek community:
“Ten years (of reign) having been completed, King Piodasses (one of the titles of Ashoka: Piyadassi or
Priyadarsi, “He who is the beloved of the Gods and who regards everyone amiably”) made known (the doctrine of)
Piety (Greek:e?s?ße?a, Eusebeia) to men; and from this moment he has made men more pious, and everything
thrives throughout the whole world. And the king abstains from (killing) living beings, and other men and those
who (are) huntsmen and fishermen of the king have desisted from hunting. And if some (were) intemperate, they
have ceased from their intemperance as was in their power; and obedient to their father and mother and to the
elders, in opposition to the past also in the future, by so acting on every occasion, they will live better and
more happily.” (Trans. by G.P. Carratelli
Kambojas are a people of Central Asian origin who had settled first in Arachosia and Drangiana (today’s
southern Afghanistan), and then in the northwestern Indian subcontinent in Sindhu, Gujarat and Sauvira.
* The Nabhakas, the Nabhapamkits, the Bhojas, the Pitinikas, the Andhras and the Palidas are other people under
Ashoka’s rule.
SUMERIAN,Akkadian Postal history
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SUMERIAN,Akkadian Postal history
The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad Biblical Accad in central Mesopotamia present
day Iraq.The city of Akkad was situated on the west bank of the Euphrates, between Sippar and Kish (in Iraq,
about 50 km (31 mi) southwest of the center of Baghdad). Despite an extensive search, the precise site has
never been found. It reached the height of its power between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the
conquests of king Sargon of Akkad.
Because of the policies of the Akkadian Empire toward linguistic assimilation, Akkad also gave its name to the
predominant Semitic dialect: the Akkadian language, reflecting use of akkadû (”in the language of Akkad”) in
the Old Babylonian period to denote the Semitic version of a Sumerian text.
The form Agade appears in Sumerian, for example in the Sumerian King List; the later Assyro-Babylonian form
Akkadû belonging to Akkad It is possible that the Sumerian name, despite its unetymological spelling A.GA.DÈ,
is from AGA.DÈ, meaning “Crown of Fire” in allusion to Ishtar, “the brilliant goddess”, whose cult was observed
from very early times in Agade. Centuries later, the neo-Babylonian king Nabonidus mentioned in his
archaeological records[4] that Ishtar’s worship in Agade was later superseded by that of the goddess Anunit,
whose shrine was at Sippar—suggesting proximity of Sippar and Agade.Despite numerous searches, the city has
never been found. One theory holds that Agade was situated opposite Sippar on the left bank of the Euphrates,
and was perhaps the oldest part of the city of Sippar. Another theory is that the ruins of Akkad are to be
found beneath modern Baghdad. Reputedly it was destroyed by invading Gutians with the fall of the Akkadian
Empire.
The first known mention of the city of Akkad is in an inscription of Enshakushanna of Uruk, where he claims to
have defeated Agade—indicating that it was in existence well before the days of Sargon of Akkad, who the
Sumerian kinglist claims to have built it.Akkad is mentioned once in the Tanakh—Book of Genesis 10:10: And the
beginning of his Nimrod’s kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. The Greek
(LXX) spelling in this passage is Archad.
Spread of Buddhism by messages on ROCK,
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Spread of Buddhism by messages on ROCK,
The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave
walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty during his reign from 272 to 231 BC. These
inscriptions are dispersed throughout the areas of modern-day Pakistan, Nepal and India, and represent the
first tangible evidence of Buddhism. The edicts describe in detail the first wide expansion of Buddhism through
the sponsorship of one of the most powerful kings of Indian history. According to the edicts, the extent of
Buddhist proselytism during this period reached as far as the Mediterranean, and many Buddhist monuments were
created.
These inscriptions proclaim Ashoka’s beliefs in the Buddhist concept of dharma and his efforts to develop the
dharma throughout his kingdom. Although Buddhism and the Buddha are mentioned, the edicts focus on social and
moral precepts rather than religious practices or the philosophical dimension of Buddhism.
In these inscriptions, Ashoka refers to himself as “Beloved of the Gods” and “King Priya-darshi.” The
identification of King Priya-darshi with Ashoka was confirmed by an inscription discovered in 1915. The
inscriptions found in the eastern part of India were written in the Magadhi language, using the Brahmi script.
In the western part of India, the language used is closer to Sanskrit, using the Kharoshthi script, one extract
of Edict 13 in the Greek language, and one bilingual edict written in Greek and Aramaic.These edicts were
decodified by British archeologist and historian James Prinsep.
The inscriptions revolve around a few repetitive themes: Ashoka’s conversion to Buddhism, the description of
his efforts to spread Buddhism, his moral and religious precepts, and his social and animal welfare program.
In order to propagate the Buddhist faith, Ashoka explains he sent emissaries to the Hellenistic kings as far as
the Mediterranean, and to the peoples throughout India, claiming they were all converted to the Dharma as a
result. He names the Greek rulers of the time, inheritors of the conquest of Alexander the Great, from Bactria
to as far as Greece and North Africa, displaying an amazingly clear grasp of the political situation at the
time...
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