The Golkonda fort is the oldest existing structure in Hyderabad.
When Sultan Alauddin Khilji of Delhi took over Warangal, Hyderabad region came under the Khilji dynasty (1310–1321 AD). Alauddin Khilji carried with him to Delhi the Koh-i-Noor diamond, which was mined from the Kollur Mines in Golkonda.Afterwards Muhammad bin Tughluq annexed Delhi, which brought Warangal under the direct rule of the Tughlaq dynasty until 1347 AD. After that, Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah the king of the dynasty, revolted against the Sultanate and established the Bahmani Sultanate in the Deccan with Gulbarga as his capital. The Bahmani kings ruled this region until 1518 AD, becoming the first independent Muslim rulers of the Deccan.
In 1518, Sultan Quli, governor of Golkonda, revolted against the Bahmani Sultanate, and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the fifth sultan of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, established Hyderabad on the banks of the Musi River in 1591 AD, to relieve a water shortage the dynasty experienced at its old headquarters in Golkonda. He then constructed the Charminar, Purana pul and Mecca Masjid.
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